Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common systemic causes of hair loss. Iron is a critical mineral required for DNA synthesis and cell division within hair follicles. A decline in ferritin levels can adversely affect the hair growth cycle, leading to hair loss of the telogen effluvium type.
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency and Hair
Hair follicles are among the most rapidly dividing cells in the body, which is why they respond to iron deficiency early and prominently. Ferritin is an indicator of the body's iron stores; values below 30 ng/mL are associated with hair loss.
In dermatological practice, maintaining ferritin levels above 70 ng/mL is recommended for optimal hair health. Even when haemoglobin remains within normal limits, low ferritin alone can cause hair loss.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Hair loss related to iron deficiency typically develops in a telogen effluvium pattern. Diffuse, widespread shedding, thinning of hair strands, and loss of lustre are characteristic findings. Diagnosis is established through a complete blood count, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation.
- Fatigue, weakness, and exercise intolerance
- Pallor and brittle nails
- Diffuse hair loss and thinning of hair shafts
- Shortness of breath and palpitations (in advanced anaemia)
Treatment Approaches
The cornerstone of treatment is correcting the deficiency through iron replacement therapy. Oral iron preparations (ferrous sulphate, ferrous gluconate) are the first-line choice and should be taken with vitamin C to enhance absorption. Intravenous iron infusion may be considered in cases of gastrointestinal intolerance or severe anaemia.
After commencing iron therapy, it may take 2–3 months for hair shedding to stop and 6–12 months for new hair growth to become apparent. Patience and adherence to treatment during this period are essential.
PRP and Mesotherapy Support
Once iron deficiency has been corrected, PRP (platelet-rich plasma) and scalp mesotherapy can be applied to accelerate hair regeneration. These treatments support the transition to the anagen phase by increasing follicular growth factors. However, if the underlying iron deficiency has not been resolved, the efficacy of these treatments will remain limited.
Nutritional Recommendations
Consuming iron-rich foods supports treatment. Red meat, liver, spinach, lentils, and dried apricots are important dietary sources of iron. Since consuming tea or coffee alongside meals can reduce iron absorption, it is advisable to drink them at separate times.
This article is for informational purposes only. Please consult a qualified physician for treatment decisions.